Saturday, May 16, 2015
Friday, May 15, 2015
Colds and Alalinvlonza the hands of science
The flu and the common cold (and cold) Two diseases unleash viruses afflict the respiratory tract, nose, throat and lungs, and differ in terms of viruses that cause the type of symptoms and complications. And are similar to the symptoms of the two diseases to a certain extent, it is very difficult to differentiate between them in the early stages only by using special tests, and one of the differences between the two diseases is that flu symptoms are usually more severe and more powerful, and the common cold usually leads to a runny nose. As for the complications of the common cold usually does not lead to serious complications, but the flu has developed into pneumonia will require hospitalization, and may threaten the patient's life and particular category at risk of disease For the flu virus "A" is responsible for most cases of the disease in humans, also belongs to this family many viruses such as avian and swine influenza virus. As for the cold, the nearly 40% of disease-causing viruses belong to a family, "Rinoveros". It also includes the pathogen viruses belong to the coronary virus, "Corona virus" family, which also belongs to the sharp "SARS" virus pneumonia, "Nofal Corona" virus. Most targeted children category. The elderly. Pregnant. Chronically ill with diabetes, heart disease, diabetes. People who have problems in the immune system such as AIDS patients. Prevention Always wash your hands well. Use the handkerchief to sneeze and cough. If you were not carrying a handkerchief used the soles of the facility to cover your mouth, not your hand that will touch the soles of her things later, or shake hands with people and thus the virus will be transferred to them. Do not share personal necessities such as soap and towels with others, it may also transports you to other diseases may be more dangerous than the common cold. Stay away from people with colds or the flu or who have and can look. Receive influenza vaccination, and recommends for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) centers in the United States to take the seasonal flu vaccination each year-old was more than six months, except for some special cases. Consult your doctor which you will be required. The Balencih the cold, there is no vaccination for it. Key facts seasonal influenza viral infection sharp easily spread from one person to another. Seasonal influenza spread all over the world and can injury to any person of any age group. Cause of seasonal influenza in an annual epidemics peaking during the winter in temperate regions. Influenza public health problems dangerous that cause serious medical conditions and lead to death if what befell the high-risk population groups. It could cause a pandemic influenza in the emergence of an economic burden through loss of workforce productivity and restrict health services. Vaccination is the most effective means to prevent infection. Antiviral drugs are available to treat influenza, but influenza viruses can become resistant to drugs Seasonal influenza acute viral infection caused by influenza A viruses. There are three types of influenza Almosmeh- A, B and C. The branching influenza viruses type A as well as to subtypes according to different types of surface protein of the virus and the various combinations that are subject to it. There, among the many subtypes of the influenza virus A, subtypes, subsections (A (H1N1 and (A (H3N2 which is currently orbiting between humans. It is worth mentioning that influenza viruses circulate in every region of the world. The cases of Influenza Type C are less frequent than other types. Therefore, the seasonal influenza vaccines include only viruses of types A and B. Signs and symptoms Characterized by seasonal influenza body temperature rise suddenly and incidence of cough (usually dry), headache, pain in the muscles and joints, severe nausea (feeling unwell), sore throat, runny nose. Most patients with fever and other symptoms and recover within a week without the need for medical attention. But the flu can cause serious medical conditions or lead to death if what befell one of the high-risk groups (see below). The last period between the acquisition of infection and the appearance of the disease, known as the incubation period, almost two days. Who is at risk? Can infect the annual influenza epidemics all age groups and affect them strongly, is that children under two years of age, adults aged 65 years and older, and people of all age groups with certain chronic diseases, specific, such as heart disease or lung or kidney disease diseases or blood diseases or metabolic diseases (such as diabetes) or cases of a weakened immune system, they are more vulnerable to the risk of complications from infection. Transmission Seasonal influenza spreads easily and can break into schools and special care centers, homes or commercial buildings and cities. The patient, when coughing, secrete droplets carrying infection into the air and inhaled exposure to the risk of infection. As the virus can be spread via contaminated hands. To prevent transmission, people should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough and wash their hands regularly. Seasonal epidemics and disease burden In temperate regions influenza epidemics occur every year, mainly during the winter while it can occur in the tropics throughout the year, causing outbreaks less regularly. At the global level, the flu attacks occur at an annual rate of between 5% and 10% among adults, and between 20% and 30% among children. And it can cause illness in hospital admissions and in death, especially among vulnerable groups at high risk (young children or the elderly or chronically ill). These annual epidemics in the incidence and cause about three to five million of the state of morbidity and tents, with between 000 250 and 000 500 deaths. In industrialized countries most associated with influenza deaths are recorded among people aged 65 and older. And cause epidemics in high levels of absence from work / study and large losses in productivity. We do not know the exact effects of seasonal influenza epidemics in developing countries, but research estimates indicate a high rate of child mortality as a result of influenza infection in developing countries annually. Prevention Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the disease or severe its outputs. The availability of safe and effective vaccines and used for more than 60 years. And it could influenza vaccine provides reasonable protection for healthy adults. However influenza vaccine may be less effective in protecting the elderly from the illness, but can reduce the severity of the disease and the incidence of complications and death. Vaccination is particularly important for people at risk, more than others, to the risk of serious complications caused by influenza and persons who live with them or care for them. WHO recommends vaccinating the following categories (in order of priority sequence) degree contained: Pregnant women in all stages of pregnancy; Children aged 6 months to 5 years; The elderly (greater than 65 years); People with chronic medical conditions; And health workers. The efficacy of influenza vaccination levels greater when the circuit is well-virus compatible with the vaccine viruses. It is noticeable that influenza viruses change regularly, and it is the global network for surveillance of the WHO influenza, which is a partnership between the national influenza centers throughout the world. For many years the organization occur twice a year its recommendation on the composition of the vaccine and targeting the three virus patterns (DPT), the most representative of the virus in circulation (sub two types of influenza A viruses and one type of virus B). Starting in the 2013-2014 influenza season in the Northern Hemisphere, the composition of the vaccine has been recommended by adding a second drive type B flu virus to viruses used in vaccines triple classic. It is expected that the availability of influenza vaccines Quartet broader protection against infection with viruses type B. Treatment Antiviral drugs are available in some countries it is possible to reduce the severe complications and deaths. The ideal thing is to give early treatment (within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms) in case of illness. There are two types of these drugs, namely: Alodamantan (amantadine and rimantadine) Influenza neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir), as well as Beramifir Aninamifir and licensed them in several countries). And the evolution of some influenza viruses resistant to anti her medicines, limiting the efficacy of the treatment. The World Health Organization is monitoring circulating influenza viruses sensitive to its anti-drugs. WHO's response WHO and its partners to monitor influenza at the global level, and recommends each year Petrkeptan for seasonal influenza vaccine twice a year to the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, and support the efforts of Member States to set up prevention and control strategies. The organization also works to strengthen national and regional capacities of diagnosis and disease surveillance and response operations to outbreaks and increase the proportion of at-risk groups vaccination coverage of services.
Thursday, May 14, 2015
Scientific progress step forward toward better health
A qualitative step in the field of anti-bacterial resistance to antibiotics, British researchers have found a virus "eat" the bacteria. The newspaper "The Independent" British, researchers at Leicester University, discovered a kind of virus "eat" bacteria responsible for human infection seriously ill after infiltration into the intestines, "Clostridium difficile". The researchers isolated viruses that target bacteria "Clostridium difficile," They observed to be effective by 90 percent against the most dangerous strains of bacteria. For its part, the researcher said Martha Clocky, from the Department of inflammation and immune and infection in Leicester, said that the virus-eating bacteria may have a significant role in the coming decades. She added that "the future impact of antibiotics fading pace did not expect one, with the emergence of more bacteria objection to this miraculous drugs," noting that it "re-revive the search for new treatments." She explained that, unlike antibiotics, the viruses target one strain of bacteria, which may make them more effective in the treatment of Clostridium difficile, which turn into dangerous bacteria with antibiotic treatment intervention in the balance of bacteria "good" intestinal infection. She explained that this virus works by placing the amount of nuclear swollen that breed within the bacterial cell, leading eventually to the explosion and death, and viruses out of them before heading to kill other bacteria. It is noteworthy that these bacteria caused the deaths of 1646 people in Britain last year.
Approved Drug Administration and the Food Authority overnight on a new medical drug trading in the market soon seeks to combat viruses «hepatitis c» chronic, it is expected that the new drug achieves results up to 90 percent Unlike previous medical real estate, which was addressed resulting from viruses hepatitis c diseases rate ranged between 40 and 60 percent. The formal approval came in America, after that in the field of liver disease c researchers conducted a study on the new medical drug that carries the name «Suvo Sbiver» for three years at Johns Hopkins Hospital in the United States. The expert said in hepatitis diseases consultant digestive diseases and liver transplantation and perspectives at Johns Hopkins Hospital in America, Dr. Saleh al-Qahtani - A research team of the new drug -: «There are many drugs that have been used in the past to combat liver c diseases, however, are ineffective , they usually infect the patient's tumors and cirrhosis of the liver. » Al-Qahtani said in his interview to «life» Today: «over three years many of the research on the new medical drug was conducted, and became an active and achieve the desired result without damage, and the success rate of up to 90 percent, as opposed to previous medications». On a date to the descent of the new medical drug on the market in the Kingdom said: «usually takes from six months to a year, as is happening in the medical properties discovered previously», pointing out that the drug will benefit patients and permeated the usefulness of the world, and it makes a lot of patients shed the use of injection interferon, which can cause symptoms similar to severe influenza. In regard to the number of patients for the viruses hepatitis c in the Kingdom, Al-Qahtani he said: «truth There is no precise count, but there is a list of patients with convergence around 200 thousand patients, and certainly this property will limit the development of many pathological situations in which up to death». Hepatitis C affects about 3.2 million Americans, and killed more than 15 thousand patients in the world, mostly from diseases such as liver cancer and cirrhosis of the liver. The new medical and real estate Sovaldi is the first in a new class of medicines known as «nucleotide analogue inhibitors», or «nuclear bombs», aims to prevent a certain protein which hepatitis C virus needs to replicate itself.
Russian scientists arrived to produce a vaccine against smoking, currently being tested, hoping to help smokers quit their habit. Russian media reported that the new vaccine produced by scientists from Russia, has successfully passed the first clinical test, and does not constitute a risk to the lives of smokers. They pointed to it being the vaccine test to see its effectiveness and importance of clinical, noting that the essence lies in stimulating the production of antibodies, to prevent the arrival of nicotine to the brain, which leads to a lack smoker get the desired smoking orgasm, what helps him to give up this bad habit easily.
Italian scientists raised a big fuss invention drug is the first of its kind in the world makes it possible to control the sexual desire of women. The study's authors say that the new medication that so-called "female fidelity" only affects women, where women are related makes only one man who relates to him and get rid of him, and go away to have the desire to treason. And based on the mechanism of action "Female sincerity" on the hormonal influence of women, where studies indicate that the tendency of betrayal caused by disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems, so the new drug works to restore a woman's body to its natural state, and affect medication on hormone works hung men preferred, which women pay a mile to one man and stay away from treason.
Scientists from Columbia University Medical Center to determine the charge of false trails protein in brain cells, causing forms a common, non-inherited from Parkinson's "Parkinson" disease. The imbalance in the meeting point of three genes at least, they are involved in the disease earlier studies. While most molecular studies focused on genetic mutations associated with rare forms of the disease, the new study directly Parkinson's disease is common and non-genetic related. And can re-use the affected track key molecules through transfer from the cell surface to the interior stores.
The latest medical discoveries
A recent scientific study on a new method for the treatment of diabetes, and that by planting insulin-producing cells in the body of the patient. She said the study by scientists at Harvard University, it has become possible to produce quantities of pancreatic cells by industrial bioreactors, then implanted in the body of the patient to ensure that exposed to a preventive attack. This study came after the experiment conducted by the researchers on a group of mice infected with diabetes, and were able, during which hundreds of millions of human pancreatic cells producing insulin. The study pointed out that this could be a treatment for children who suffer from diabetes type force them to daily doses of insulin to compensate for the shortfall in the level of glucose in their blood. Professor of Medicine at the University of London and Chris Mason described the study as "an enormous scientific progress," adding that it may lead to the production of large-scale cells for the treatment of all types of diabetes. Scientists hope that this discovery constitutes not only on the type of diabetes, which affects children's disease, but the type suffered by the elderly is also a new
Scientists could culturing muscles industry taken from the original muscle cells and make them grow in a research laboratory. And it is currently being tested for the replacement of the affected muscles, after confirming overcome toxicity and effectiveness tests. According to the site «Quartz» the scientists in biomedical engineering at the American Duke University were able to isolate stem cells from the muscles of Virat, and then grown in a separate muscle fibers. According to lead researcher permit, Nenad Baursak, the site «Quartz», the researchers were able to get strong muscles grown within the laboratory are similar strength in the bodies of mice. Nenad points out that muscle cultured enjoying a very important advantage is that they can cure itself by itself when torn or exposure to infection, and that by rebuilding the lost tissue. The researchers said that these muscles are ten times stronger than any previously muscles were cultured in laboratories. And despite the fact that these tests finally revealed by using experiments in mice, however, the team of researchers, headed by Nenad began in successful experiments on human muscles as well. According to the research team, the replacement of the original laboratory-cultured muscle muscle replace the doctors need to take muscle tissue from the body of the patient and the cultivation of stem cells, including for new tissue, and then returned to the patient's body again. When asked about the availability of this technology soon, scientists said that it is important to first find out how you can get more of the stem cells of the human body, as we can now get a lot of them, but lose their effectiveness later. The researchers need to solve the problem of feeding the muscles in the laboratory with blood, and ensure the continuity of the flow of blood to the muscles to grow larger. As the largest breeding any part of one millimeter requires an innovative technology for it. The researchers say that overcome these challenges, manufacturers will make these muscles laboratory ready for use with humans as of now. But at the moment it is expected to wait 10 to 15 years to overcome these challenges.
New medical accomplish successful in the field of heart disease, as it enables surgeons Chekeon for the first time to perform heart surgery without the need for a chest incision and is difficult to avoid the risk of the consequences of the surgery, which is associated with each process. This medical procedure that description Palmmaz and rare on the work of a small incision in the left side of the rib cage, and pass the device such as the anchor to the ventricle gradually to isolate damaged from that sound in the heart muscle parts, in conjunction with a machine outside the body to monitor all the indicators and the movement of the heart muscle during the process. He says doctors at Drexel University Czech This action reduces the complications that are sometimes fatal, especially for patients with deficiencies or failure of the heart muscle, which is being local anesthesia to monitor any development gets at the same time ensure its success. Professor of cardiac surgery at the University Andrew Vheslr "and said this is the first time you do this type of surgery .. It's easy and guaranteed and there is no side effects such as those usually associated with traditional surgical procedures." Physicians are expected to become available this way in the world to promote the work of the heart muscle, especially with the increasing heart disease which is the direct cause of the high level of deaths around the world.
Invented a new way to test blood does not rely on acupuncture scientists, and through the method relies on measuring the degree of blood temperature, and better knowledge level, through electronic chips placed on the skin. And it became a doctor can check the patient's blood without even follow the traditional method of acupuncture, through the development of small electronic chips in about five areas of the body. The doctors and researchers working at a hospital in Barcelona, Spain, on workout this kind of medical examinations across slides to monitor blood sugar levels in which, for example. This method was used the first time by the Russian astronauts in early 1990 and was limited to use and the results are not identical with the traditional blood test. As it has been previously used in China and countries in Eastern Europe such as Germany and Austria have shown impressive results, but later researchers have developed to give high accuracy in the results. The doctor said Antonio Sekas: "These chips reveal temperature through regular mechanisms in the body, these chips should be placed on the index finger and the underarms and the points that show the navel Bodh bicycle body temperature of what we can measure blood levels and standards." It is worth mentioning that this method can not be used to detect specific diseases such as hepatitis and AIDS because the device has not been completed yet been programmed to detect such diseases
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In a move that may be considered a breach prominent in the field of regenerative medicine, US experts were able to "produce" human lung within the scientific laboratory, in scientific progress might take to apply to the reality of the ground for some time. She described Joan Nichols, a researcher at the "University of Texas Medical Branch," achievement as a "move from science fiction towards scientific facts hand." And about the process of "production", the researchers unloading lung and one of the two, two children died as a result of shock, cities hit seriously what prevented their use in the cultivation of the members of the process, to preserve the exterior side of the protein collagen and elastin fibers, then pumped other lung cells inside, before flooding fluid helps in providing the necessary nutrition for the growth of cells, according to Nichols. And a full grown human lung after four weeks of the operation, which has been replicated, to cultivate other new lung lungs of deceased children. Nichols explained that the lung "cultivated" completely natural-like, pointing out that it may be used in organ transplant surgery probably within 12 years. Said Stephen Badelak, deputy director of "McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine" at the University of Bazbrah, that the new achievement may be a solution to the lack of donors of human organs.
British researchers said that a simple examination of the Games is able to detect teenagers at risk of depression. He explained researcher Ian Goodyear of the University of Cambridge that teens who saliva test shows they have a rise in cortisol level caller tension and show symptoms of minor depression, with 14 times more vulnerable to depression than others. Goodyear explained in the study published in the journal «Brosidang Of National Academy of Science» saying: «This test will help us to target individuals at depression and will help in reducing the risk of contracting severe cases of depression and its consequences for adult life». The study was based on saliva samples to hundreds of teenagers as well as information about themselves talked about symptoms of depression feel it. It was interesting that the girls who showed up in the examination of saliva cortisol and symptoms of depression were more likely to have increased by four times to injury severe depression, a rise of more than 14 percent for boys, it refers to the difference between the sexes.
Scientists from Europe said they have developed industrial hand of a new kind of return to its owner the ability to touch things and detection. According to a statement issued by the University of Lausanne Applied Swiss today (February 5, 2014), the Danish citizen Apo Dennis Sorensen was the first person in the world try this alternative hand and regain the ability to sense things. And about that experience, Sorensen stressed that when holding something that was hand industrial feel if this thing is solid or soft, round or polygon. The Sorensen, aged 36 years, had lost his left hand about nine years ago in an accident because of fireworks. Through Danish citizen admiration of this new industrial hand. And participated in the development of this industrial hand many European universities and hospitals. And allocated Medical Journal magazine "Science Medicine Transleychunal" Today a special issue about good invention, which researchers Supervisors talked about it at length in the mentioned magazine
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